Thirty Years" War - definition. What is Thirty Years" War
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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف

WAR PRINCIPALLY FOUGHT IN CENTRAL EUROPE FROM 1618 TO 1648
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  • [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] achieved great military success for the Empire but his power threatened both Ferdinand and the German princes
  • Siege of Stralsund]], 13 May to 4 August 1628
  • > 66%}}
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  • Spain]]
  • [[Cardinal Richelieu]], who directed French foreign policy from 1624 until his death in 1642
  • Siege and capture of [[Casale Monferrato]] by French troops, 1630
  • Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648
  • "Winter's King", [[Frederick V of the Palatinate]], whose acceptance of the Bohemian Crown sparked the conflict
  • [[Holy Roman Empire]] after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648
  • [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]] whose seizure of the Palatinate expanded the war
  • The [[Iberian Union]]; Spain's inability to protect Portuguese interests in the 1602 to 1663 [[Dutch–Portuguese War]] was a key factor in the 1640 [[Portuguese Restoration War]]
  • Swedish sovereignty over [[Western Pomerania]] (in blue) was confirmed in 1653
  • The [[Sack of Magdeburg]] in 1631. Of the 25,000 citizens, only 5,000 survived.
  • Contemporary painting showing the [[Battle of White Mountain]] (1620), where Imperial-Spanish forces under [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly]] won a decisive victory.
  • Siege of Prague]] in 1648
  • Battle of Breitenfeld]] in 1631.
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  • Soldiers plundering a farm
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  • Spain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]], 30 January 1648.

Second Thirty Years' War         
PERIODIZATION SCHEME ENCOMPASSING EUROPEAN WARS FROM 1914 TO 1945
Second Thirty Years War (1914-1945); Second Thirty Years War; 2nd Thirty Years' War; 2nd Thirty Years War; Second 30 Years' War; Second 30 Years War; 2nd 30 Years' War; 2nd 30 Years War; Second Thirty Years Wars Theory; 1914 to 1945; 1914—1945
"Second Thirty Years' War" is a periodization scheme sometimes used to encompass the wars in Europe from 1914 to 1945.
Scotland and the Thirty Years' War         
  • General Leslie]]
  • Colonel Robert Henderson
  • Colonel Brog
Scottish people of the Thirty Years' War; Scottish participation in the Thirty Years' War; Scotland in the Thirty Years' War
There was a complicated involvement between Scotland and the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. Scotland and the Scots were heavily entangled in both the diplomatic and military events which centred on the Holy Roman Empire.
Thirty Years War (wargame)         
BOARD WARGAME
Thirty Years War, subtitled "Four Battles", is a "quadrigame" — four separate board wargames packaged in one box that use a common set of rules — published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1976.

ويكيبيديا

Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of what is now modern Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. Related conflicts include the Eighty Years' War, the War of the Mantuan Succession, the Franco-Spanish War, the Dutch-Portuguese War and the Portuguese Restoration War.

Until the 20th century, historians generally viewed the war as a continuation of the religious struggle initiated by the 16th-century Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg attempted to resolve this by dividing the Empire into Lutheran and Catholic states, but over the next 50 years the expansion of Protestantism beyond these boundaries destabilised the settlement. While most modern commentators accept that differences over religion and Imperial authority were important factors in causing the war, they argue its scope and extent were driven by the contest for European dominance between Habsburg-ruled Spain and Austria, and the French House of Bourbon.

Its outbreak is generally traced to 1618, when Emperor Ferdinand II was deposed as king of Bohemia and replaced by the Protestant Frederick V of the Palatinate. Although Imperial forces quickly suppressed the Bohemian Revolt, his participation expanded the fighting into the Palatinate, whose strategic importance drew in the Dutch Republic and Spain, then engaged in the Eighty Years' War. Since rulers like Christian IV of Denmark and Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden also held territories within the Empire, this gave them and other foreign powers an excuse to intervene, turning an internal dynastic dispute into a broader European conflict.

The first phase from 1618 until 1635 was primarily a civil war between German members of the Holy Roman Empire, with support from external powers. After 1635, the Empire became one theatre in a wider struggle between France, supported by Sweden, and Emperor Ferdinand III, allied with Spain. This concluded with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, whose provisions included greater autonomy within the Empire for states like Bavaria and Saxony, as well as acceptance of Dutch independence by Spain. By weakening the Habsburgs relative to France, the conflict altered the European balance of power and set the stage for the wars of Louis XIV.

أمثلة من مجموعة نصية لـ٪ 1
1. At no time in the thirty years war has there been hatred between the people.
2. I tried to get as much as possible advantages out of that situation.‘ She read about the Thirty Years War.
3. Millions of people perished in the Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants in the 17th century.
4. Over the centuries the same ground would be strewn with the gore of the Hundred Years War, the Thirty Years War, the Napoleonic wars, the Franco–Prussian War, World War I and World War II.
5. That treaty, which brought to an end the Thirty Years war and inaugurated the modern European state system, also concluded that one state should only take up arms against another and intervene in its affairs if it were itself to be attacked by that state.